Just A Little Bit Of Cinema's History

[DrJackson]

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In the early nineteenth century, scientists have noticed a new visual phenomenon: a series of individual photos put in motion, can generate the illusion of movement.
They attributed this phenomenon called inertia experienced optical perception, where the eye retina retains an image split second after she disappeared.
Ability to retain visual images the eye, was considered a fundamental principle in developing the film, even if his relationship with motion perception is still not well understood.

In 1830, it was discovered zootrop. It consisted of a shallow drum with a band drawn around the inner surface. When it was spun to the effect of motion.

In 1870, French inventor Emile Reynaud improved zootrop idea and added mirrors in the center of the drum. Several years later, also developed a version of Reynaud zootrop projection, using a reflector and a lens that big picture in motion.
In 1892 he began to organize public screenings Optic Theatre in Paris, where hundreds of drawings were running on a twisting coil itself Reynaud, projections that lasted about 15 minutes.
In 1870 in California, British photographer Eadweard Muybridge, after a bet with tycoon Leland Stanford hired, made a series of photographs of a galloping horse.
Photos captured horse with all four feet off the ground, and Muybridge started a tour to show his moving pictures using a mechanism which he called zoopraxiscop.

These Muybridge's successful it spurred on the French scientist Etienne-Jules Marey to create a recording and analysis equipment for human and animal movement.
His invention called cronophotographic room and could register multiple images superimposed one over the other.

In 1885 George Eastman introduced roll of paper (film) sensitized to the action of light, instead of individual glass plates used before.
In 1889, Eastman has replaced the paper roll with celluloid - a synthetic material coated with a gelatin emulsion.

Between 1896 and 1912 Méliès made 500 films, most notably "Le Voyage dans la lune" (1902), which, in one scene shows the animated figure of the moon, hit in the eye by a rocket.
This little movie was a screening by Jules Verne.
Other films that have earned were enshrining Méliès: L'Affaire Dreyfus (1899), Le Sacre d'Edouard VII (1902) and Cendrillon (Cinderella, 1899).

Unfortunately, Méliès was unable to fight major film production companies appeared in 1910.
After the First World War, his films have been largely forgotten, but in 20 years and were rediscovered in 1931, Méliès received the Legion of Honor from the French government.
Henri Langlois (in charge of French film archives) created the French Cinematheque in 1936 and saved a lot of Méliès's films. Langlois oversaw their restoration.

In the U.S., a former projectionist, Edwin S. Porter, took command of the production of films in Edison Company (1901) and started to make movies that tell a longer story.
As in the case of Méliès's films, these films which required multiple shots to be installed in a narrative sequence.
The Porter's most famous film - and perhaps the most famous masterpiece of early cinema - was "The Great Train Robbery" (1903), which has the merit of making the film in a trade show. With rapid changes of locations, including action on a train in motion, this film offered viewers a very accurate view of what has become the symbol of cinematic spectacle.
Porter continued to make short films for Edison until 1912, when he decided to leave and to work with the company "Famous Players" (Paramount's ancestor).
Unfortunately, unimaginative, Porter has made movies just as they do for Edison, the only difference being that they were longer. Over time it has surpassed industry.
Edwin S. Porter gave up directing in 1916 and returned to the job he loved - working at his own machinery. In 1941, he has died.

David Wark Griffith - called the "Father of American film, was born in Kentucky (town of La Grange).
He was an actor in various theater companies until the company went on to play the movie "American Mutoscope and Biograph" (1908). Later he became director at a studio in New York. For Biograph, Griffith made over 450 films.
Meanwhile, he gathered around a team of professionals, including several famous actors of the time (Mary Pickford, Gish sisters Mabel Normand, Mae Marsh) and known directors (Erich von Stroheim and Mack Sennet). Griffith worked very much with the legendary Billy Bitzer operator.
In 1913, Griffith left the Biograph company to move the company Reliance-Majestic Studios, and then became an independent producer. His films "Judith of Bethulia" (1914), "The Birth of a Nation" (1915) and "Intolerance" (1916) have established it as the largest film producer in America. "Birth of a Nation" is considered one of the most important films ever made. His racist elements provoked protests, demonstrations and violence that led to the film censorship.

In 1920, along with actors Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and Charlie Chaplin, Griffith founded the United Artists Corporation, a powerful production house. Among the films he made during this period include: "Broken Blossoms" (shoots Crush - 1919), "Way Down East" (1920), "The Orphans of the Storm" (1922), "America" (1924) "Battle of Sexes" (1928) and "Lady of the Pavements (1929).
All these films are silent, except the last one was played.
Griffith made two sound films: "Abraham Lincoln" (1930) and "The Struggle" (1931) - but have not had great success as well as silent films.

Overseas, the UK, cinema began to become increasingly fascinating.
The most important film institution which has occupied since its inception has been to the Brighton School.
The school was founded in 1851 by Sir Henry Cole was a school of art and architecture. School's reputation grew in 1925 when a large number of students have won medals at the "Exposition des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels in Paris."
An important part of this school is film school, where they graduated from filmmaker George Albert Smith, the discoverer of foreground and John Williamson, known for directing the introduction of the cut.
Brighton Film School and is currently active and is one of the most popular schools in Europe and world cinema.

French film industry (the most powerful before World War I) was marginalized after the war.
However, no country had so much dedication and passion for the art film as it had a French filmmakers.
In a tense atmosphere of war, the film has gained a unique significance in French intellectual life from the early twentieth century.

One of the most important film production company was created in 1895 by Leon Gaumont.
Gaumont was released in the manufacture of cameras and shot in April 1896 when he proposed an apparatus for registering clients and project animated images - Improved cronophotograph of Georges Demeny.
Foreigners have proved the most loyal buyers of the new device. Besides the device itself, foreigners bought and demonstration videos made by Gaumont's team.
In 1900, the Exposition Universelle, Gaumont presented his new invention, the sound device that combines a projector and a phonograph.

Leon Gaumont continues his research on sound and color in 1906 and sells cronophon. The team, among others, were part of Gaumont's Louis Feuillade (became artistic director), Leonce Perret, Henri Fescourt and Emil Cohl (the filmmaker first cartoons).
After opening each one projection room on the most famous avenues in Paris, Gaumont bought the Hippodrome in Paris and turned it into the largest theater in the world.
Hippodrome became the Gaumont Palace and opened its doors in September 1911.
Hall had 3,400 seats and have a height of 20 meters. After the death of Louis Feuillade (February 1925) film production stops.

Leon Gaumont signed a partnership with Metro-Goldwyn, thus giving birth Gaumont company Metro Goldwyn (GMG).
Among the productions that companies remember "Ben Hur" (Fred Niblo) and "Napoleon" (from Abel Gance).

I hope you liked.

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